President Trump’s tariffs on imported cars and auto parts could stall the growth of electric vehicles, setting back a technology critical to addressing climate change.

But the tariffs could also work in favor of some electric models made in the United States, like the Tesla Model Y or Volkswagen ID.4, that are among the cars with the fewest imported parts and, thus, the least vulnerable to tariffs.

The tariffs could lead to steep increases in the cost of batteries and other components. By hurting electric vehicle manufacturing in the United States, the tariffs could also cede more ground to Chinese automakers that have a substantial lead.

One thing is clear: The tariffs will raise prices for all vehicles — gasoline, electric or hybrid — and could lead to severe parts shortages if some suppliers go out of business. There will be ripple effects that no one can predict. But vehicles that are subjected to lower tariffs could gain a competitive advantage.

E.V. supply chains may be easier to overhaul

Electric vehicles have far fewer parts than cars that run on gasoline or diesel. In theory, it should be easier for carmakers to source parts from the United States, avoiding tariffs.

Efforts to create a domestic supply chain for electric vehicles are well underway, in part because of Biden administration policies that provided loans and subsidies to battery factories and other projects.